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In 1997 an international design competition was launched by the Victorian Government with a focus of creating new civic space for Melbourne, connecting Flinders Street to the Yarra River and enhancing the cultural attributes of the city. Five designs were shortlisted from the 177 entries. The winning design of Bates Smart Architects and Lab Studio Architects was announced in July 1997.cite-ref-7[7] When the competition was won, Federation Square was their first building project.

The main plaza can accommodate up to 25000 people.cite-ref-arc-federation-sq-6-2[6] The outdoor amphitheatre plays host to a variety of festivals and concerts as well as broadcasting cultural events such as the annual Tropfest and sporting events such as the AFL (Australian Football League) Grand Final.

Federation Square was met with widespread disapproval, the architects receiving hate mail from people who loathed the design.cite-ref-8[8]

SOHO Shangducite-ref-9[9] Beijing, China (2004–07) Site area: 2.2ha Gross floor area: 170,000m2 Type: commercial, residential + retail

Riyadh Business Centercite-ref-10[10] Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2005) Site area: 3.9ha Gross floor area: 87,000m2 Type: offices, hotel, retail

Tatweer Towers Dubai (2006) Site area: 7.6ha Gross floor area: 1,500,000m2 Type: commercial offices, residential, hotel + retail

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